Contaminants Plant species Metals: As, Ni, Se, Cr, Cu, Zn Radio-nucleids Hyper-accumulators: brassicacee, indian mustard, fast-growing ferns: • Sunflower, corn, poplar, paulownia, willow

In phyto-extraction the plant extracts water from the subsoil, at the same time extracting dissolved contaminants and accumulating them within its apparatus. Contaminants are therefore removed from the site together with the cut plants, which are disposed in a landfill or incinerated. Due to its peculiarities, phyto-extraction is more efficient in soils with reduced clay content.